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61 pages 2 hours read

Iain M. Banks

Consider Phlebas

Iain M. BanksFiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1987

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Chapter 12-EpilogueChapter Summaries & Analyses

Appendices: “The Idiran-Culture War”

Chapter 12 Summary: “The Command System: Engines”

Horza talks to Xoxarle, the Idiran prisoner, who describes the Idirans landing on Schar’s World. The task force, initially numbering 44, endured a grueling journey across an icy wasteland. Battling relentless blizzards, freezing temperatures, and intense hunger, their numbers dwindled to just eight. The survivors faced severe conditions, including the deaths of comrades due to the cold, crevasses, and a treacherous oil marsh. Driven to the brink of cannibalism by starvation, the group’s struggle was both physical and moral.

As the survivors explore a damaged station and a malfunctioning train, the tension between Horza’s crew and the Idiran intensifies. Xoxarle attempts to escape by feigning an injury and attacking his captors, but the drone, Unaha-Closp, subdues him. The crew’s exploration reveals that their mass sensor is broken, and they cannot accurately detect approaching threats. Meanwhile, Xoxarle convinces Horza to loosen his restraints a little, allowing the Idiran room to loosen his restraints further.

Parallel to these events, Quayanorl, another Idiran, is revealed to be alive despite severe injuries. He struggles through the damaged train at station six, fighting pain and attempting to get the train moving toward station seven. The narrative shifts between Horza’s team’s bickering and exploration, Xoxarle’s scheming, and Quayanorl’s frantic struggle. Eventually, Quayanorl powers up the station six train and sends it hurtling toward station seven.

Chapter 13 Summary: “The Command System: Terminus”

Xoxarle recounts tales of ancient Idiran conflicts to Aviger, offering a glimpse into the religious fervor that fuels their violence. Meanwhile, Horza, Yalson, and Balveda press on in their search for station seven and its train. Engineer Wubslin grapples with the train’s ignition while the Unaha-Closp infiltrates the reactor car. Unbeknownst to them, a second train accelerates rapidly under Quayanorl’s control, its approach signaled only by inaudible alarms.

Xoxarle seizes an opportunity to disarm Aviger and seize his laser gun. As chaos ensues, Balveda finds her growing attachment to Horza and Yalson challenging her usual detachment. Horza reflects on his obsessive nature and sees unexpected parallels with the Culture’s pursuit of equity.

As the train hurtles toward disaster, the rising air pressure threatens to consume them all. Wubslin’s insistence on maintaining speed proves fatal as Quayanorl’s train, a high-speed projectile, collides with the station in a cataclysmic explosion. At the same time, the Mind, hiding in the reactor car, attempts to escape. In the chaos of the impact, Xoxarle fatally wounds Yalson and escapes, just as the world around them implodes.

Horza, Balveda, and Unaha-Closp seek refuge from the devastation. Enraged by Xoxarle’s actions, Horza launches a relentless pursuit through the wreckage. Toxic fumes overpower Balveda, and Unaha-Closp rescues her, bringing her to the station’s control center.

There, Xoxarle brutally attacks Balveda, breaking her arm and leaving her dangling precariously. Horza intervenes to save Balveda, and a fierce battle ensues between him and Xoxarle. Unaha-Closp’s timely intervention shifts the tide, and with a decisive blow from a Culture memoryform weapon, Balveda kills Xoxarle. Horza is fatally injured, and in his last moments, he desperately seeks affirmation of his identity. Balveda offers him solace in his final moments.

Interlude 5 Summary: “Consider Phlebas”

Balveda evacuates the station, struggling with the unconscious Horza, Unaha-Closp, and the damaged Mind through the snow. Overwhelmed by fear, she anxiously wonders if the CAT’s security system will recognize her or her companions. Her worries are temporarily alleviated when the ship’s doors open for her. After placing Horza in the hold and rushing to retrieve medical supplies, she returns to find him already deceased.

Appendix 1 Summary: “Reasons: The Culture”

The Culture, a post-scarcity utopia, fights the fanatical Idirans not for conquest but to safeguard its own existence. The Culture’s primary concern is not to colonize or exploit but to prevent feelings of uselessness among its citizens. It ties its sense of purpose to its benevolent interference in less-advanced civilizations through its Contact Section, which aims to improve lives without disrupting societal progress. The Idirans’ aggressive expansion forces the Culture into a defensive war to protect its purpose and avoid its existential collapse.

Appendix 2 Summary: “Reasons: The Idirans”

The Idirans are a militant theocracy, conquering and subjugating lesser species in the name of their god. Religious fervor drives their expansion rather than economic gain.

Idiran leadership anticipates a swift victory against the Culture, but contingency plans are in place for a protracted conflict. The Idirans consider a negotiated peace agreement, but the most fervent Idirans advocate for a war of extermination.

The Idirans initiate the conflict with confidence, underestimating the Culture’s resolve. Their religious fervor makes them unable to see their opponent’s complexities, leading to a catastrophic miscalculation.

Appendix 3 Summary: “The War, Briefly”

The Idiran-Culture War erupted in 1267 AD, escalating from minor disputes to open hostilities within a decade. With the Peace Section of the Culture dissenting, full-scale war commenced in 1327, involving direct military engagement. The Homomda joined the Idirans in 1332, but the Culture’s technological superiority gradually eroded the Idiran strength.

A brutal, protracted conflict ensued, marked by heavy casualties on both sides. After initial setbacks, the Culture launched a counteroffensive, securing victory in 1375. The Idirans never formally surrendered, but their computer network became a Culture Mind. Total losses included 851.4 billion people and many ships, planets, and astronomical bodies. Elder galactic civilizations consider the war the most significant conflict of the past 50,000 years. The war resulted in catastrophic losses, reshaping the galactic order. Nonetheless, the narrator calls it “a small, short war” (507).

Appendix 4 Summary: “Dramatis Personae”

After the war, Balveda enters long-term storage, haunted by memories of Schar’s World and uninterested in celebration. She requests to be revived when the Culture can statistically prove the war’s moral justification. She is awakened in 1813 AD, but she dies by suicide months later.

Querl Xoralundra survives the partial destruction of the cruiser Hand of God 137 and continues serving in Intelligence but dies in battle near the war’s end. Jandraligeli, a skilled warrior, transitions from combat to academia, eventually meeting a tragic end. The drone Unaha-Closp, integrated into the Culture, finds a new purpose in building automata. Fal leads an adventurous life within the Culture before vanishing mysteriously. Schar’s World remains largely untouched, with its Command System and trains intact, until Dra’Azon eventually bans all visitors. Bodies and debris, including Kierachell’s favorite book, lie buried under ice near a pole. A rescued Mind regains consciousness without memory of its ordeal, surviving the conflict, though it adopts a strange name. The Changers are eradicated during the war.

Epilogue Summary

Gimishin Foug, a poet related to the legendary Balveda, arrives late and out of breath to a GSV shuttle, her family already settled in. Foug, who is heavily pregnant, finds inspiration in the ship’s grandeur, hoping it will fuel her poetry. While preoccupied, she politely greets the ship through a drone that is assisting her with luggage. The ship, named Bora Horza Gobuchul, piques her interest with hints of a mysterious past, and she eagerly requests to hear its tales.

Chapter 12-Epilogue Analysis

Throughout Consider Phlebas, Banks subverts genre expectations. Space operas typically have happy endings or, at the very least, conclusions imbued with hope and justification. Instead, the novel concludes in tragedy, with only a few characters surviving the war’s end. Moreover, the Appendix asserts that this devastating war was, in the grand scheme of things, a minor conflict. The book thus ends with lingering questions about The Morality of War and Conflict.

Banks employs several space opera tropes to further his purpose. Initially, he uses Yalson’s unexpected pregnancy to offer a glimmer of hope against the bleak landscape of Schar’s World. Although accidental, Yalson’s pregnancy symbolizes the promise of new life and provides Horza with a tangible connection to his identity. Yalson’s faith in Horza touches him, and for the first time, he feels a sense of hope about the future. However, Horza, the perennial pessimist, questions the glimmer of hope that Yalson’s pregnancy inspires in him early on: “He felt that whatever continuity of his name or clan the woman was offering him, he could not yet build his hopes upon it; the glimmer of succession seemed too weak, and somehow also too temptingly defenseless” (403). Although Horza desperately wants to cling to the hope Yalson provides, his moment of prescience turns into foreshadowing. Banks promptly extinguishes both Horza’s hope and subverts expectations of a happy ending. Xoxarle shoots Yalson, and then the speeding train rips her body apart. It is not merely that Yalson dies; she is utterly obliterated by the story’s end, implying that there is no room for hope in war.

Not even the protagonist survives the battle on Schar’s World, another genre trope that’s disrupted. Horza succumbs to his injuries and dies before he can escape the planet. Worse, he struggles to maintain his sense of identity in his final moments, asking Balveda, “My name…What is my name?” (492). Balveda gently tells him, but when the drone repeats it incorrectly as “bala bala,” Horza, slipping into unconsciousness, responds with “Ah yes…of course” (492). Horza loses everything to the war effort, dying with not even his identity intact.

In an ironic twist, Unaha-Closp does the most to save Horza, Balveda, and the other KFC members despite Horza’s clear disdain for the machine. Driven by its programmed sense of duty and complex motivations, Unaha-Closp repeatedly puts itself in harm’s way to protect them. This highlights a significant thematic element: In discussions of Technology Versus Biology, artificial beings’ capacity for compassion and sacrifice is often overlooked. Despite Horza’s animosity and reluctance to recognize the machine’s inherent value, Unaha-Closp’s selflessness starkly contrasts the relentless violence and betrayal of other characters. This juxtaposition serves as a commentary on the nature of loyalty and duty, suggesting that genuine acts of kindness and sacrifice can emerge from the most unexpected sources, even in a universe fraught with conflict and moral ambiguity. Banks challenges the conventional boundaries of morality and heroism, emphasizing that virtue and selflessness are not confined to organic beings alone. With this, it is fitting that Unaha-Closp is one of the few beings to survive with its memories and personality intact. This is a sharp contrast with Balveda, who cannot cope with the trauma of war.

Banks does not render the war justifiable in the novel’s final section. Earlier, Jase suggests that if the Idirans obtain the lost Mind, it will extend the war by an additional three to seven months. While this may seem like a significant delay, the war drags on for over 48 years, making the loss of Horza, Balveda, and the KFC members seem inconsequential. The conflict claims 851.4 billion lives, destroys over 91 million ships, and devastates thousands of planetary bodies. This immense devastation is not justified by The Pursuit of Purpose by the Culture or the Idirans’ religious principles. The scale of suffering and destruction starkly contrasts with the purported motivations behind the war, revealing the futility and horror of such massive conflict. In the end, Banks underscores the senselessness of war, leaving readers to confront the harsh reality that no justification can truly account for the enormity of its costs.

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