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Brandon SandersonA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
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Mistborn opens with the following epigraph written by the Hero of Ages: “Sometimes I worry that I’m not the hero everyone thinks I am” (1). By opening the novel in this way, Sanderson immediately presents to the reader the novel’s theme of heroism and leadership. This quote further explores the complexities of maintaining heroism and leadership, as the Hero of Ages is full of “worry” about his abilities. Through this lens, Sanderson explores the sacrifices a hero must make to become a great leader and focuses this discussion on the characters of the Hero of Ages and Kelsier.
Each chapter of the novel opens with writing from the Hero of Ages’s logbook, thus implying his continual presence and relevance to the plot of Mistborn. The Hero of Ages struggles with his transition from an ordinary man to one endowed with the ability to defeat the Deepness. His greatest and most haunting challenge is to not take the power at the Well of Ascension for himself but to display humble heroism by using it only towards the Deepness. After that, he can unite the nations of Scadrial under a unified government and transition from hero to leader. Sanderson does not have the Hero of Ages succeed but rather has the more egotistical character of Rashek take the power from the Well. The result of being unprepared for the sacrifices of leadership is the oppressive, stagnant Final Empire.
Kelsier, in contrast to the Hero of Ages, does not struggle with the moral implications of leadership. Since his plan from the beginning is to be heroic up until the point where he passes leadership to a democratic group made up of his friends after his death, Kelsier does not consider himself responsible for the entire empire. However, he is sensitive to his leadership role in the crew, in particular to his mentorship of Vin in Allomancy. Though their break-in at Kredik Shaw is heroic, Vin’s subsequent stabbing reminds Kelsier of his responsibilities. Sazed observes to Vin that Kelsier “can’t take the risks he once did. The process is changing him for the better, I think” (275). Kelsier comes to take greater care in what he involves Vin in and is more mindful of the crew’s limitations.
Both Kelsier and the Hero of Ages display how the leadership skills of an effective ruler can come about in different ways. Kelsier, focused on his small crew and their sense of friendship, can take heroic actions before passing his leadership off to those he trusts. The Hero of Ages, prior to Rashek’s interference, must use his leadership skills to become a hero. That Sanderson has Kelsier succeed while the Hero of Ages fails suggests that the author supports the more democratic style of heroism displayed by Kelsier, in which the support and friendship of his crew are crucial.
As a main theme of Mistborn, the intersection of trust, betrayal, and friendship motivates the decisions of many of the characters. Vin, in particular, struggles with trust after growing up in the skaa underground and her brother Reen’s influence, who taught her to never expect friendship from another. Rather, she should expect betrayal as an inevitability. Sanderson explores the question of what ideologies and motivations are strong enough to inspire trust and friendship in others by contrasting the actions of Kelsier’s crew with those of other crews in the underground. By doing so, Sanderson shows how friendship, faith, and fighting for the moral good are powerful motivators of trust.
Vin decides to stay in Kelsier’s crew for two reasons: the learn Allomancy and to see if the apparent friendship between Kelsier and the crew is real. The narrator says, “It was the shadowed prospect—unlikely and unreasonable, but still seductive—of a group whose members actually trusted one another” (214). Vin’s deep distrust of others becomes soothed after spending more time with the crew; since they work for an ideal that is larger than money or personal motives, the crew can establish a trusting relationship with each other. By the end of the novel, Vin has accepted not only that she has friends but that she can be loved by Elend. She says to Kelsier shortly before his death “You have to shut out that voice that whispers about betrayal, and just hope that your friends aren’t going to hurt you” (537), signaling the completion of this aspect of her character arc. The curiosity she felt for the friendship amongst Kelsier’s crewmembers has shifted into respect, loyalty, and trust.
Another aspect of this theme is shown through Kelsier’s reputation among the skaa. As part of his secret plan, Kelsier works to establish himself as a leader and inspiration to the skaa people. His survival at the Pits of Hathsin and his willingness to take great risks to show the skaa the power of resistance make him a religious figure among them. Kelsier’s close friendship with Sazed teaches him the power of a passionate faith, which he strives to give to the skaa people using himself as a sacrifice. The skaa people trust in his example and, even when Vin feels betrayed following Kelsier’s death, she can acknowledge the powerful impact he has had on her people. Vin, the crew, and the skaa people put their faith in Kelsier’s example and are able to successfully enact a rebellion because of it.
In both Vin and Kelsier’s characters, Sanderson displays the power of trust and friendship when faced with oppression and despair. The betrayal that Vin expected growing up—as well as the betrayal Kelsier experienced with Mare—are betrayals because the motives behind the actions associated with them were either mercenary or selfish. However, once the crew focuses on establishing a moral good and fighting for an idealism beyond mere wealth, then trust, friendship, and faith come naturally to them.
In Mistborn, Sanderson writes of an authoritarian dictator who acts as his people’s God. Religion, government, and society are inextricably dependent on one another. The moral opinion of this religion thus rests upon the opinions of the Lord Ruler, including how he organizes the social classes based on his personal feelings for each sect of people. This display of a subjective philosophy of the moral good is contrasted by Sanderson through the actions of Kelsier’s crew, who work for a more objective philosophy that does not depend upon the opinions of one man.
Chapter 10 of the novel explores this theme through Ham’s philosophical question for Vin and Breeze: “But the Lord Ruler—as God—defines what is good. So by opposing him, we’re actually evil. But since he’s doing the wrong thing, does evil actually count as good in this case?” (190). The Lord Ruler’s long-established subjective moral good is taken as doctrine by his people; by opposing him and seeking to overthrow his empire, any person who believes in the Lord Ruler as God is then directly opposing their own religion. As the crew seeks to establish a moral good that relies on objectivity, they see the Lord Ruler as not their God but merely a political figure who can be challenged.
Kelsier combats this pattern among the skaa people by replacing their faith in the Lord Ruler with faith in himself. The only way to motivate the skaa to act against a being they have been taught is God is to inspire them to believe in something else. Kelsier as the Survivor of Hathsin represents hope, objectivity morality, and passion. With his martyrdom, the skaa accept a new religious system and only then can claim that the morality of Luthadel society is something they can oppose. When Elend’s new government is established, Elend bases his rule upon democratic principles and philosophical ideologies he has learned through reading illicit texts; these philosophies allow him to balance the voices of nobility, skaa, Terris, and obligators.
Sanderson argues for the separation of subjective moral good from religious faith. Compassion and equality replace the Lord Ruler’s opinions, which have forced the skaa into poverty and the Terris into servitude. By fighting to attain greater respect for objectivity and morality, the crew accomplishes what generations of skaa rebels could not: the dissolution of the empire and the defeat of the Lord Ruler.
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By Brandon Sanderson