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52 pages 1 hour read

Iris Murdoch

The Bell

Iris MurdochFiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1958

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Chapters 6-11Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 6 Summary

Michael dreams of waking up during the night and seeing nuns gathered around the lake, pulling a drowned corpse from it. He wakes in fear, wondering what the dream might signify.

The Imber estate has been in his family for generations, and Michael always refused to visit it. He planned to become a priest but ultimately felt unable, yet when he met the Abbess of Imber Abbey, his life changed. She introduced the idea of a lay community adjacent to the convent, and Michael found a new purpose, feeling he belonged to a group of people “who can live neither in the world nor out of it” (81). As he began to develop the community, people joined him, and he especially welcomed James Tayper Pace, who comes from an old military family and has many characteristics of a born leader. Yet while Michael would gladly relinquish his role, James refuses it, thus creating “a faint appearance of two parties” (86).

Today, Michael holds the dreaded weekly “Meeting,” in which people often express disagreements about the daily running of the community: over the acquisition of a mechanical cultivator (James and Mark are against it on principle of communal simplicity) and the shooting of squirrels and pigeons (which James, Patchway, and Nick indulge in). Additionally, the community discusses how best to commemorate the arrival of the new bell and settle on a modest ceremony.

After the meeting, Michael follows Toby to the jetty, not wishing to meet Paul and Dora, who are out walking, and he observes Nick and Toby on the other side of the lake.

Chapter 7 Summary

Michael has known Nick Fawley since the younger man was his pupil. When Michael was 25, he was struggling with his mission to become a priest because he had discovered he was attracted to men. After a while, Michael starts believing he has “cured” himself of his perceived vices, but when he meets 14-year-old Nick, he develops feelings he has never experienced before. A year later, they enter into an illicit yet platonic affair, which ends in Nick admitting everything to the headmaster while making the affair seem more sordid and sexual. Michael is dismissed from his job, and the Bishop refuses his planned ordination.

Years later, Michael is hugely dismayed to meet Catherine Fawley at Imber Abbey, realizing immediately that she must be Nick’s sister, as they resemble each other uncannily. He also grasps that Catherine knows about him, but they never speak of it. It surprises him when Catherine asks him to bring Nick to the community so he can escape the life of “dissolution” in London. After much deliberation, Michael agrees and, filled with trepidation, goes to meet Nick at the station.

Nick is by now a man, heavier and less innocent, and they greet each other nervously and shyly. Soon, Michael starts adapting to Nick’s presence but decides to avoid the young man as much as he can, although it is obvious that Nick would like to talk to him alone. Michael holds on to a vague hope that life at Imber might help not only Nick but also their relationship.

Chapter 8 Summary

That Saturday evening, after the Meeting, Michael finds himself pondering whether it is time for his ordination. The next day, as Catherine, James, and the Straffords begin their choir rehearsal, Peter leads the rest of the group (except for Nick) to visit the bird traps he sets in meadows across the lake. They cross the water in the boat, all filled with Sunday laziness and a kind of peace, and witness Nick’s dog, Murphy, swimming in the lake.

In the woods, Michael observes Toby, “obviously very happy” (123), and ponders his attractiveness, wondering if it might provoke Nick into mischief. Michael remembers seeing the boy naked at the lake, and the thought fills him with disquiet.

As they reach the bird traps, everyone marvels at Peter’s adroitness in tagging the two birds. The delicate nature of the operation and the birds’ tiny bodies overwhelm Dora, who gives an “exclamation of alarm, excitement, and distress” (127). Michael and Toby start to return together as Peter poses Dora for a picture, and they both feel relaxed and at ease until four jet planes fly low across the sky. The planes’ “noise and speed and beauty” render Michael speechless (130), and he realizes he is holding Toby’s arm in his grip.

Chapter 9 Summary

James is giving the address in the community’s chapel, speaking of virtue and sin and of the dangers of experience and thinking too much of oneself. Dora, feeling “restless and dejected” and missing her London life (133), spends her time observing the congregation, trying to determine which of the men is most attractive; she finds her husband to be the one. She then observes Catherine and her beauty, feeling relief that she will soon be entering the convent.

James uses the bell as a metaphor for speaking the truth and mentions Catherine as a paragon of virtue. After the sermon, he apologizes, confused by his outburst of emotion. Dora walks a while with Catherine, who mentions she is afraid of water and often dreams of drowning. Dora is convinced that the girl has not chosen a nun’s life of her own will, as she sees no reason why she should.

Paul interrupts them, causing Dora to feel irritated and suffocated and to question her decision to return to the marriage. Angry, Paul states that Catherine is his ideal of a woman, “lovely, gentle, modest, and chaste” (139). He says he has no respect for Dora but unfortunately loves her, which causes Dora to start crying.

Chapter 10 Summary

After the sermon, Toby sets off from the Lodge, where he leaves Nick still lounging in bed, and runs through the woods with Murphy to the lake. At one point, he reaches the part of the woods where the convent’s enclosure stops and glimpses to his surprise two nuns walking in the woods across the lake. He hears one of them laughing, and the sound both dismays and thrills him. He feels overjoyed with life and faith and, after finding an abandoned, ancient barn, reaches a secluded stone ramp that leads into the lake.

Having enjoyed the sun on his skin, he enters the lake and, diving, soon comes up against something solid on the bottom. He tries to free it but realizes it must be larger than he thought, and its shape reminds him of a bell.

Chapter 11 Summary

At James’s suggestion, Michael takes Toby with him to Swindon to pick up the mechanical cultivator. The boy eagerly agrees to come, and they spend a pleasant afternoon driving to the town and having a drink at the pub. Toby expresses admiration for Michael and his ability to create “Something so sort of pure and out of the modern world” (153).

As darkness falls and they head back to Imber, Toby falls asleep in the Land Rover, his head nestled on Michael’s shoulder. Michael vividly imagines grabbing Toby and holding him; he attempts to curb this line of thinking while enjoying the feel of Toby’s body next to him. As they arrive at the gate, the boy wakes up and runs out of the car to see whether his eyes will glow in the light of the headlights. As he runs to the car and leans into Michael’s window the man kisses him, putting his arm across Toby’s shoulder. Toby immediately steps back and remains rigid for a moment while Michael attempts to apologize somberly. At the same moment, they see someone coming into view, and Michael recognizes Nick. Fearing that Nick might have witnessed the scene, he leaves Toby with Nick and drives off toward the house.

Chapters 6-11 Analysis

Chapter 6 marks another shift of narrative focus, this time to the leader of the Imber community, Michael. Murdoch portrays his character as deeply unsettled, primarily by his sexual orientation. Discussing gay identity and experiences was rare and controversial at the time Murdoch wrote the novel (the 1950s). Michael therefore comes of age as a gay man in an atmosphere of secrecy and intolerance. As the novel covers the past as well as present events, we learn of his unconsummated yet very passionate relationship with young Nick Cawley. To complicate things further, Nick was only 15 at the time, and Michael was his teacher. This introduces new elements of moral ambiguity and raises questions about Michael’s suitability to lead a community or become a priest (which he has seen as his true vocation since adolescence). Through Michael, Murdoch deals with the theme of body versus soul—of earthly pleasures and the demands of our passions versus spiritual and religious faith. Additionally, the author touches upon the connection between Nick and Catherine Fawley. As soon as Michael meets Catherine, he recognizes that she must be Nick's sister because, as Murdoch presents them, they are almost clones of different sexes. However, whereas Catherine appears to be pious and withdrawn from the world, Nick is “dissolute.” The author indicates the question of Michael’s influence on Nick’s moral and psychological decompensation, although she does not overtly pose it as an issue. Michael carries a heavy burden of guilt, although it appears to be more generalized and somewhat selfish in nature.

Chapter 9 returns to Dora, whose stay at Imber is further chipping away at her passivity. In direct opposition to Catherine (especially as they walk and converse), Dora cannot conceive of voluntary submission to such a restrictive religious order: From her perspective, Catherine must have been coerced into choosing this life. Dora’s worldview does not allow for willing and utter repression of one’s vitality and bodily impulses, and she perceives the members of the community as alien beings whose motivations she does not trust. When she opens about this mistrust, it causes Paul further consternation and provokes him to say that Catherine, and not Dora, is his ideal woman. This is not surprising, as Murdoch portrays Paul as a man who finds security in subjugating others to his will. In his eyes, Catherine embodies this submission.

Chapters 10 and 11 focus on Toby and the developments that continue to challenge the naiveté with which he has arrived at Imber. Murdoch thus ironically positions the community not as a true retreat from the world, but as a microcosm of it, within which things happen that provoke people into discovering new things about themselves—at least for people open to such revelations, such as Dora, Toby, and Michael. This is one of the major reasons why these three characters share places as centered consciousness in the narration; we are observing their processes of learning about themselves.

Toby finding the submerged bell is one of the events that looms large in the novel. The discovery occurs because Toby is explorative by nature and willing to see things hidden from view. He is curious, but the author does not portray his curiosity as merely the product of his youth, but rather of his desire to understand more. This curiosity makes him open to Michael’s kiss in Chapter 11. Even though he has not sought it, his openness to experience has communicated itself to Michael, and the kiss happens as a result of their unexpressed (and even unconscious) desires for freedom and experience.

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