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56 pages 1 hour read

Hanna Pylväinen

The End of Drum-Time

Hanna PylväinenFiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2023

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Part 2, Chapters 13-18Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 2, Chapter 13 Summary

Willa experiences physical hardships during her journey with the Sámi people. Each night of travel is described as the hardest, with her body strained and transformed by the cold and exertion. Despite her suffering, she pushes on, inspired by the children in the group, and she works hard to help set up the lávvu (tent) and gather firewood. The group travels at night when the snow crust is firmer for the sleds and rests during the day, reversing their daily routines.

The narrative shifts to Risten's internal conflict as they near Gilbbesjávri. Risten is anxious about seeing Mikkol again, fearing disappointment and encountering Ivvár, whom she has lingering feelings for. Her anxiety is heightened by memories of Ivvár and Mikkol and her dread of their possible meeting.

As the terrain changes from lower fells to tundra, Willa struggles to keep up with the group, feeling isolated and constantly on the brink of collapse. Her interactions with the group are awkward. Willa's thoughts drift to her past, including her family and the consequences of her actions, which she tries to suppress. Risten becomes envious when Willa mentions Ivvár, revealing that they walked together in the past.

Part 2, Chapter 14 Summary

Willa has been gone for a month, and her absence is treated with an uncomfortable silence. Henrik is one of the few who acknowledges her disappearance, having seen her leave, but he is troubled by the collective pretense that nothing happened. Lorens recovers but is changed, appearing distant and spellbound. His recovery is seen by some as a miracle attributed to Lars Levi's faith, which bolsters his ministry despite the scandal of Willa's actions.

Lars Levi himself is conflicted about Willa's disappearance. He hopes she will return repentant, embodying a prodigal daughter scenario, but he also fears the damage her actions could do to his reputation and ministry. He secretly instructs Biettar to remind Willa of God's grace if he finds her.

Nora, Willa's sister, feels the pressure and frustration of being the perfect, dutiful daughter, which contrasts with Willa's expanding world. Nora's bitterness grows as she feels trapped in her role and deprived of opportunities, such as going to Uppsala. Seeking some respite, she visits Henrik and finds solace in his agreeable company despite the impropriety and her parents' disapproval. Henrik is confused by Nora's visits but enjoys the attention. He is struggling with his own issues, including debt and the spread of Lars Levi's influence, which he sees as an epidemic.

Meanwhile, Risten and her group finally reach the sea, bringing relief and a sense of accomplishment. Risten enjoys the beauty of the place and the playful company of her husband, Mikkol, who seems more relaxed away from religious matters. However, her contentment is marred by the looming presence of Ivvár and the memories associated with him.

Ivvár is also at the sea and is caught off guard by the news that Willa has arrived with the Tommas, which fills him with a mix of excitement and dread. He struggles to process his feelings and the implications of Willa's actions as he prepares for the market and tends to his reindeer. His feelings are mirrored by the intense and somewhat chaotic slaughtering of a reindeer.

Part 2, Chapter 15 Summary

At the Ivgobahta (Skibotn) market, various ethnic groups—Swedes, Kvens, Finns, Norwegians, Russians, and Sámi—gather to barter goods, each bringing unique resources to trade. The market, free from taxation due to its geographical and political complexities, offers a respite from daily life and relative anonymity, especially for the non-Sámi participants.

Willa is overwhelmed by the market's scale and disorder. She accompanies Risten, who secretly searches for Ivvár among the crowd. Meanwhile, Ivvár is nervously avoiding Willa and Risten. Biettar stands on a rock, preaching fervently but awkwardly. His sermon about the dangers of materialism and liquor is met with jeers and taunts from the drunken marketgoers, culminating in a tense confrontation. He is pulled down from the rock but manages to stand his ground. After the confrontation, the crowd disperses, leaving Biettar crestfallen. He is invited to stay with Risten and Mikkol in their lávvu, where he finds a semblance of solace.

Willa and Ivvár finally notice each other amid the chaos. Willa’s emotional turmoil and embarrassment manifest as she navigates the market, yearning for Ivvár’s attention but finding herself disappointed when he avoids her. Their brief eye contact leaves her feeling vulnerable and rejected. Unable to handle the emotional weight of seeing Biettar and Ivvár, Willa withdraws to the seashore. She stays out all night, listening to the religious fervor emanating from the lávvu and reflecting on her feelings and the group dynamics.

Part 2, Chapter 16 Summary

Henrik receives a letter from his uncle Frans, who expresses shock about Lars Levi's heretical teachings. Frans plans to have Lars Levi relocated to Pajala, a more Swedish and presumably less impressionable town, to mitigate his influence. This news troubles Henrik, as Nora would also move to Pajala.

His interactions with Nora become increasingly serious. When she visits him, looking worse for wear due to mosquito bites and hard labor, she shares her frustrations with her role as the dutiful sibling. She confides in Henrik that marrying him would restore her family's reputation after Willa's scandalous departure. Henrik, caught off guard, doesn't know how to respond. He contemplates proposing to Nora to stabilize his life before his uncle's visit. He also hopes the marriage might attract Lars Levi's followers to his store.

Meanwhile, Willa is determined to try her hand at milking reindeer. She unexpectedly finds herself in Ivvár’s presence, who is lounging by a stream. Despite her anger at his abandonment after they were caught together, she quickly succumbs to his charm and follows him on an impulsive journey down the slope, across a stream, and onto a boat. Ivvár's confidence and ease are infectious, and Willa is swept up in the adventure, feeling a mixture of happiness and trepidation.

As they reach a secluded spot, the dynamic between them shifts. Ivvár's playful demeanor gives way to a more serious and introspective mood. Despite this, Willa remains in love with him, finding joy in their shared moments. Ivvár is haunted by memories of his father's public humiliation at the market and his own indecisiveness.

Ivvár and Willa lay on a sun-warmed rock, Ivvár wrestling with his fear of disappointing Willa and the weight of her love. Willa, still hopeful and in love, tries to draw him out of his reverie. Ivvár, feeling burdened by his past and present, kisses Willa's hand, seeking solace and a brief escape from his inner conflict.

Part 2, Chapter 17 Summary

Willa is reveling in her newfound freedom and love as she spends time with Ivvár at the sea. The relief from her previous life at the parsonage, the sense of adventure, and the sin that comes with being with Ivvár create a mix of emotions. The pair do not discuss their future, focusing instead on the present, which is filled with activities like fishing and talking about their pasts. Willa feels powerful in being desired, though she knows their relationship may not last beyond the summer.

Meanwhile, Henrik decides to propose to Nora. His proposal is met with confusion and resistance from Lars Levi and Brita, who cannot approve of him because he sells alcohol. Feeling inadequate and dejected, Henrik drowns his sorrows in a reckless night of drinking and swimming. Nora finds him in a drunken state and delivers an ultimatum: He must publicly destroy all his liquor and confess his sins at church. Driven by desperation and the hope of redeeming himself, Henrik complies. He destroys his alcohol, drawing attention from the townspeople and Nora’s family, realizing it might be the only good deed he ever does. However, the act leaves him contemplating his ruin and the loss of the one thing that brings him comfort.

Part 2, Chapter 18 Summary

Earmarking season has come, a festive and busy time when Sámi families mark their reindeer calves. Willa is fascinated by the process, though initially, she struggles with it. She watches as the Sámi expertly identify and mark their calves.

The scene is bustling, with reindeer being rounded up and marked in waves, and the atmosphere is lively and communal. Despite the excitement, Risten is irritated by Ivvár's presence, especially because it suggests he's prioritizing his relationship with Willa over respecting her family. Risten and Mikkol work together smoothly, while Ivvár's exuberant behavior and showboating during the marking draw mixed reactions from those around him.

As the day progresses, tensions rise in the lávvu (tent) during a rest period. Mikkol confronts Ivvár and Willa about their relationship, questioning their actions and highlighting the social and moral consequences, particularly for Willa as Lars Levi’s daughter. Willa, embarrassed by Mikkol’s harsh words, leaves the tent quietly. Ivvár follows, but instead of comforting her, he pours out Mikkol’s coffee on the fire. Willa returns to help with the earmarking, seeking solace in the familiar, communal task.

Part 2, Chapters 13-18 Analysis

Willa's journey with the Sámi people exposes her to the physical hardships and cultural practices of their nomadic lifestyle. Her transformation is marked by the grueling nightly travels and the community's reversed daily routines, underscoring the Sámi's adaptation to their harsh environment and their Cultural Identity and Survival. In this new cultural context, Willa learns to gather firewood, set up the lávvu, and cope with the extreme cold, reflecting the community's resilience in comparison with her settler context. Risten's internal conflict about her feelings for Ivvár and her engagement to Mikkol also touches on survival, not just in the physical sense but in maintaining personal and cultural integrity. Her anxiety about seeing Ivvár again and the memories that haunt her reveal the struggle to reconcile her past and present identities. The sacred journey toward Saana Mountain, with its mystical significance, reinforces the Sámi’s enduring cultural identity and the survival of their traditions amid changing landscapes.

Nature continues to play a crucial role in the characters' spiritual lives and cultural practices. The journey across the tundra emphasizes the Sámi’s connection to their environment. The narrative describes the natural landscapes, the harsh winter conditions, and the sacred rituals associated with these spaces, reinforcing the intertwining of nature and spirituality. By contrast, the Ivgobahta (Skibotn) market scene, with its multicultural and multisensory experiences, is juxtaposed with the Sámi’s more intimate and spiritually connected interactions with nature. This bustling environment highlights the differences between the commercialized, settler-dominated spaces and the Sámi's traditional, nature-centered way of life. Ivvár's moments of solitude by the stream and his connection to the reindeer underscore the significance of natural spaces as sources of solace and spiritual renewal.

Biettar's fervent sermons at the market and the mixed reactions they provoke illustrate the complexities of syncretism rather than straightforward Resistance Against Religious and Cultural Assimilation. His public preaching about the dangers of materialism and liquor, despite the hostility he faces, highlights his hybrid identity as a man caught between his Sámi roots and his conversion to Christianity. This dual identity is not readily accepted by either the Sámi or the settler communities, especially given Biettar's known moral imperfections. His attempts to preach morality reflect the nuanced struggles of integrating new religious beliefs with traditional cultural practices, embodying the conflicts and challenges inherent in syncretism. Ivvár's reaction to his father's sermons, however, reflects a more direct resistance against religious and cultural assimilation. His skepticism toward Biettar's newfound religious zeal, his avoidance of Willa, and his dislike of the religious fervor at the market underscore his struggle to maintain his traditional Sámi beliefs. Ivvár’s internal conflict and his visible discomfort with his father's public preaching highlight the broader tension between embracing new religious identities and preserving cultural heritage.

The interpersonal conflicts and family dynamics intensify in these chapters. Willa's strained relationship with Lars Levi and her sister Nora's frustrations with her constrained role highlight the pressures within the Laestadius family, particularly for young women living under a patriarchal doctrine. Willa's disappearance and the resulting tension in the family underscore the theme of familial expectations versus individual desires. Likewise, Willa's and Ivvár's interactions are marked by their resistance to societal and familial expectations. Willa's escape from her father's authoritarian influence and her pursuit of a relationship with Ivvár signify a personal rebellion against imposed religious and cultural norms. This resistance is not just about rejecting external pressures but also about seeking a meaningful connection that transcends those limitations. Henrik's interactions with Nora and his contemplation of marriage as a means of redemption and stability further explore these dynamics. His struggles with debt, the influence of Lars Levi, and his eventual public destruction of his liquor reflect his internal conflict and the broader societal pressures to conform and seek redemption.

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