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53 pages 1 hour read

Germaine Greer

The Female Eunuch

Germaine GreerNonfiction | Book | Adult | Published in 1970

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Key Figures

Germaine Greer

Germaine Greer is a retired writer, academic, and broadcaster with a long history of social and political activism. Her work has largely centered around the pursuit of radical feminist liberation. Born in 1939 in Melbourne, Australia, Greer has spent much of her adult life between Australia and the United Kingdom, with part of her career taking her to the United States. She has held positions at the University of Warwick, Cambridge University, and the University of Tulsa.

As a feminist, Greer stands out because the topics she speaks about and the manner in which she discusses them are bold and radical. Her writing style illustrates this brazen approach to discussing women’s issues and rights and serves to command the attention of the women about whom she is writing. Her overt rejection of qualities traditionally associated with women is at the heart of her writing about radical feminism with conviction.

Proposed originally as a reflection on the 50th anniversary of (some) women’s gaining the right to vote in the United Kingdom, Greer ultimately wrote The Female Eunuch to express her own sense of need to advance women’s rights. Upon its publication, scholars did not receive it particularly well, though it was quite popular with average female readers, who were the intended audience.

Greer’s personal life informs quite a bit of the content of this book, and she often substantiates her arguments with her own experiences. She comes from a strict religious family and discusses the physical and emotional abuse she and her siblings suffered at the hands of their parents:

Once my mother knelt on my small brother’s chest and beat his face with her fists in front of my father and was threatened with violent retaliation, the only instance of my father’s rising to her bait that I can recall. My brother was three years old at the time (325).

This abuse led Greer to leave home at 18 and never return and to abandon her family’s Catholic faith. Certainly, her experiences as a woman in the world inform many of her feminist beliefs, but the abusive relationship she had with her parents also illuminates why she raises so many issues with family dynamics.

Sigmund Freud

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) was an Austrian neurologist known for his development of the theory of psychoanalysis. His significance in relation to The Female Eunuch is largely Greer’s critique and refutation of his psychoanalytic assessments of women.

Psychoanalysis is a psychological theory that aims to assess conscious and subconscious elements of the mind to understand a person’s behavior. It is a vast theory that explores aspects of motivation, cultivation of thought, and establishment and expression of identity, as well as therapeutic approaches. Modern psychology largely rejects this theory, though its influence continues across academia today.

In his work concerning women, Freud often relies on the Oedipus complex. This is the idea that a child feels a subconscious sense of sexual attraction to their parent of the opposite sex and a subconscious sense of hatred toward their parent of the same sex. Young boys feel “castration anxiety,” the fear of losing their penis (particularly in the metaphorical sense of the penis representing the abstract notion of manhood), because of their closeness with their mothers, and young girls conversely experience “penis envy,” or the envy of their fathers’ penises and superior social standing.

The Female Eunuch refutes these claims and questions why a girl should feel somehow insufficient for her lack of penis when this insufficiency is arbitrary. Greer encourages readers to consider that the opposite (a boy feeling insufficient for not having a vagina or uterus) might be true; and even more likely, neither is true. Rejection of psychoanalytic principles is key to feminism because not only are Freud’s theories exclusive in their positioning of women as inherently inferior to men, but they also study women through the distorted lens of this assumption.

Otto Weininger

Otto Weininger (1880-1903) was an Austrian philosopher who published his seminal work Sex and Character shortly before his death. Sex and Character argues that gender is the culmination and possession of various masculine and feminine qualities. Masculine qualities are inherently active, designating men (or those who possess these types of traits) as the purveyors of action. Feminine qualities are inherently passive, rendering women and those with feminine traits subservient to men.

The Female Eunuch is a staunch example of why these ideas about sex and gender are unfounded. Greer rejects Weininger’s notion that sexual characteristics somehow inform someone’s character or moral standing on the basis that his type of argument is essentialist and cannot accurately describe a dynamic, complex construct such as gender.

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By Germaine Greer