53 pages • 1 hour read
Eliyahu M. GoldrattA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
The next day, Jonah leaves for the airport. Alex calls Julie’s parents, who at first deny that Julie is there. They eventually acknowledge that she is staying with them but say that Julie will call Alex “when she’s ready” (163). Alex meets with his advisory team, who are all on board now that Jonah has shown them the true cost of their current management style. Bob suggests moving the quality control inspections before the bottlenecks, so that unusable parts aren’t treated. Alex decides that they need to create a real expediting system, rather than capitulating to whichever customer is angriest.
Alex visits Julie at her parents’ house. She initially refuses to see him, but then relents. They take a walk and discuss their future. Alex asks if she wants a divorce, but Julie has not decided. He again accuses her of having an affair, which deeply offends her. Alex begs her to come home. He tells her he loves her, which “melts her” (169), and she kisses him goodnight.
Alex drives home, then immediately calls Julie at her parents’ house. He offers to take her on a date, like the ones they went on before having children. She agrees. The next morning at work, the advisory team gives Alex an update on how his new plan has been working out. They give Mario, one of the foremen, their list of priorities, but the system quickly disintegrates. Alex finds the NCX-10 is not running, and Mario claims to not have materials. He does have materials, but not for the first order on the priority list. Alex tells him to move on the next, annoyed at his lack of common sense. Alex and his team develop a visual guide for their priority list: orders will have green or red tags, and the red tags will get priority. If one red tag order cannot be completed at that moment, a worker may move on to another red tag, but not to a green tag. The tags will also have numbers, and workers “should always work on the materials with the lowest number” (178). Alex picks up Julie for their date.
A week later, the team reviews their progress. Though their number of processed orders has risen, Alex is still not satisfied. He asks the team to consider Jonah’s other suggestions and come up with recommendations. Alex works with the quality control manager on a problem: “after parts exit the bottleneck, they tend to look almost identical to parts going into the bottleneck” (181). Thus, some parts are treated twice, which is unnecessary. Alex decides to affix yellow tape to parts that have exited the bottlenecks. Bob calls Alex down to the loading dock. There, Alex sees Bob with an ancient machine called the Zmegma. Bob explains that the Zmegma, when used in conjunction with two other machines, can do the same work at the NCX-10. By using both, they can double their production abilities.
Alex reflects on his date with Julie, which went well. Ted Spencer, a foreman, asks Alex to keep Ralph Nakamura off his back and away from the work area. When Alex asks about it, Ralph explains that he only wanted accurate records of the time parts spent in heat treat. Ralph discovered that the heat treated parts are not being moved efficiently—they were still in the furnace hours after the treatment was complete. Bob tells them both that the issue is a lack of tasks for the heat treat workers to do while the furnace is running, but Alex decides there should be someone there “standing by” (189) at all times. The next day, Bob approaches Alex with a set of recommendations: dedicating a machinist to the NCX-10, stationing workers at the heat treat at all times, activating the Zmegma for one shift a day, and outsourcing some of the heat treat parts to other plants. Alex agrees.
Later, Alex discovers that the heat treat furnace is still working on very small batches, as some parts are very small and are treated in small numbers. Alex advises the foreman to treat parts as they’re ready—it’s OK to have different parts treated at the same time, as long as they remain sorted. Bob learns that the only reason so many parts are being heat treated in the first place is because of an old decision by plant managers, who tried to “speed up the processing” (193) of certain parts by making them thinner. This increases efficiency on paper, but made the parts brittle, which necessitated heat treating. Alex marvels at the fact that he will “reduce the efficiency of some operations and make the entire plant more effective” (194).
Things are starting to look up for Alex’s plant. The plant has had a “twelve percent net decline in work-in-progress inventory” (195) and Alex and his team celebrate with champagne. He receives a call from Bill Peach, who congratulates him on pushing orders through faster. After a night of drinking, Stacey drives a very drunk Alex back home. As she walks him to the door, he falls on top of her. Just then, Julie, who has decided to return home, opens the front door. She sees them, and angrily accuses Alex of “coming home drunk with some floozy” (198). Alex tries to explain, but Julie leaves. When Alex gets to the plant on Monday, Stacey apologizes for the incident, then informs Alex that the “bottlenecks have spread” (199). There are now new machines that cannot keep up with demand, and Alex calls Jonah to find out why. Jonah agrees to visit the plant again.
That night, Julie calls. Stacey has talked to her, and Julie feels terrible about the assumptions she made. Alex asks to take Julie out on another date. She agrees.
This section focuses on systems: developing systems, improving systems, and troubleshooting systems. Alex sees early on in this section that he must develop clear instructions for his workers and keep all departments at the plant on the same page. Without clear communication, mistakes are bound to occur, as they did with Mario, the foreman who did not understand the new expediting system. Alex realizes his mistake and implements a color-coded system for expediting orders, even taking it a step further by inserting the new rules into the plant newsletter and personally delivering presentations to all the workers.
Bob must break numerous company policies in order to set Alex’s new system in motion, and he is understandably worried about the consequences. However, Alex, in a break from his old, rule-abiding self, tells Bob that if the rules impede the progress of the plant towards its goal, then they deserve to be broken. Bolstered by Alex’s confidence, Bob disregards policy and digs up an old machine called the Zmegma. Though considered an antique, Bob realizes that the machine, when combined with two other machines, can do the same work as the NCX-10, thus relieving pressure on the bottleneck. Later, Bob discovers that not all parts need to be heat treated—it was an old decision made to artificially increase efficiency rates. Alex gives Bob his blessing to change the procedure. Within the course of one section of the novel, Bob, once the most skeptical of Jonah’s ideas, has become a key innovator, something he is only able to do with the support of his manager, Alex.
The fact that the bottlenecks have spread is a natural consequence of increasing the efficiency of the first identified bottlenecks. Now that the first areas of productivity have increased, the pressure increases in other areas, uncovering new flaws. This reminds the reader that time and fortitude are needed to fully work a system to capacity.
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