64 pages • 2 hours read
Wilkie CollinsA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Summary
Background
Chapter Summaries & Analyses
Character Analysis
Themes
Symbols & Motifs
Important Quotes
Essay Topics
Tools
Mr. Bruff begins his narrative by explaining some information that he is privy to, as a result of being the Verinder family lawyer. Sir John (Rachel’s father) left everything to his wife, which was unusual for the time. Shortly before her own death, Lady Verinder made some updates to her will. Mr. Bruff learned that, almost immediately after Lady Verinder’s death, someone requested access to view her will (this was legal, since wills were considered public documents). Mr. Bruff was confused because he couldn’t see any reason why anyone would be interested in Lady Verinder’s will.
As a result of his legal connections and network, Mr. Bruff was able to learn that Godfrey Ablewhite is the man who viewed the will. This news troubles him. Lady Verinder left her properties in Yorkshire and London to Rachel, but with a condition that limits Rachel’s ability to sell or mortgage the properties. As a result, Rachel or her spouse would not be able to quickly access large sums of money by selling or mortgaging property. Mr. Bruff suspects that Godfrey (who has significant debts) may have wanted to marry Rachel in order to access money; in this case, Godfrey would have been displeased to learn that he would not be able to do so, and this might explain why he began to have second thoughts about the marriage. Mr. Bruff shared his misgivings with Rachel, and this information is what prompted her to call off the engagement.
After the end of the engagement, Rachel stayed with Mr. Bruff for some time, and then moved away to stay with her new guardian.
After Rachel has moved out, an Indian man visits Mr. Bruff at his office. The man says that Mr. Luker, the pawnbroker and moneylender, sent him. The Indian man is hoping to borrow some money, as Mr. Luker has already refused him. Mr. Bruff likewise declines. The Indian man asks how long Mr. Bruff allows for a loan, and Mr. Bruff states that he lends money for a period of up to one year.
The next day, Mr. Bruff meets with Mr. Luker. Luker explains that he was unsettled by the Indian man, who had previously followed him around, and sent him to Bruff to get away. The Indian man asked Luker the same question about the time period for a loan.
The following evening, Mr. Bruff meets Mr. Murthwaite, the researcher who specializes in Indian languages and culture, and who was present the night the diamond was stolen in Yorkshire. Mr. Bruff explains that he thinks one of the Indian men who were lurking around the Verinder house has been to see him, and seems interested in the terms of a loan.
Mr. Murthwaite offers his interpretation of what he thinks is happening: The Indians believe that whoever has stolen the diamond has pawned it to Mr. Luker, and (if the term is one year) will be redeeming their loan and taking possession of the diamond again in June 1849, one year after it was stolen and pawned. Confirming the terms of the loan allows the Indians to anticipate when the diamond is going to be changing hands.
The narrative is now resumed by Franklin Blake in the spring of 1849. Franklin has been travelling since the previous summer, and often doesn’t receive letters from England without lengthy delays. Franklin learns that his father has died; this means he will have to return to England to deal with the inheritance and legal affairs. He also learns that Rachel has ended her engagement to Godfrey.
In England, Franklin immediately goes to see Rachel, who is staying with her aunt Merridew, her new guardian. However, Rachel continues to refuse to see him. Franklin is frustrated that Rachel is still inexplicably angry with him for some reason concerning the disappearance of the diamond. He decides he is going to go to the Verinder house in Yorkshire and find out what happened to the diamond once and for all.
When Franklin Blake arrives in Yorkshire, Gabriel Betteredge is happy to see him. Betteredge tells Franklin that there is a letter for him, written by Rosanna Spearman before her death almost a year prior. The letter is with Lucy Yolland; Franklin plans to go and retrieve it immediately.
Franklin and Betteredge get the letter from Lucy. It contains precise instructions from Rosanna. She tells them to go to the Shivering Sands when the tide is changing, find a chain hidden near some rocks, and pull on it to retrieve a buried box. Franklin follows the instructions and retrieves a waterproof box submerged in the sand. The box contains a letter and a nightgown with a smear of paint on it—this is the incriminating garment that the thief must have been wearing when they brushed up against wet paint while stealing the diamond. Thinking that he is about to solve the mystery, Franklin inspects the nightgown and realizes that it is his own, as his name is sewn onto the tag.
Betteredge and Franklin are stunned and confused. Franklin opens the letter. In the letter, Rosanna explains that she was in love with Franklin. The morning after the diamond went missing, she found the nightgown while tidying up his room, and quickly realized that it must mean Franklin had stolen the diamond. This information only made her love him more—she hid the incriminating garment, and bought fabric to make a new one. Thus, theories about what Rosanna did after the theft were almost correct, but she was protecting Franklin, not Rachel or herself.
Franklin Blake cannot bear to read all of Rosanna’s letter, but Betteredge does. Rosanna describes how she hoped Franklin would lose interest in Rachel, but when she could tell he was not going to, she decided to die by suicide.
Franklin Blake decides to return to London. Before he goes, he asks Betteredge if he could have been drunk or walking in his sleep—these are the only two theories that would seem to explain how Franklin could have unwittingly stolen the diamond. Betteredge affirms that Franklin was certainly not drunk, as he only had a small glass of brandy before going to bed. He points out that, even if Franklin somehow took the diamond without recalling it, that wouldn’t explain what happened to the diamond afterwards.
In London, Franklin meets with Mr. Bruff and shows him the nightgown. Mr. Bruff concedes that Rachel seems to think that Franklin stole the diamond, but points out that the stained nightgown is not conclusive proof: Someone else could have been wearing the nightgown. Mr. Bruff suspects that Rosanna showed the nightgown to Rachel, persuading her that Franklin stole the diamond, but he questions whether Rosanna is innocent.
Franklin is desperate to speak with Rachel directly, and convinces Mr. Bruff to invite her to visit him. Rachel won’t know that Franklin is also there, and he can ambush her.
At Mr. Bruff’s house, Rachel walks into the room where Franklin is waiting. He is overcome by “the woman [he] loved coming nearer and nearer to [him]” (350), and begins kissing her passionately. Rachel pushes him aside and rebukes him for the way he has acted. She finally explains that she saw him take the diamond, and has been covering for him ever since.
Franklin demands that she explain exactly what she saw. Rachel says that she was in her bedroom, with the door slightly ajar so that she could see into the sitting room. She couldn’t sleep, and saw Franklin (dressed in his nightgown) come in, open the cabinet, and take the diamond out. He left the room with the diamond.
At first, Rachel thought Franklin was desperate for money, and was willing to offer him money herself. She became angry when she saw him going along with the investigation, pretending to be innocent. However, she also wasn’t willing to contribute to him being caught. Franklin vows that he will find a way to prove his innocence to her.
Mr. Bruff and Franklin discuss what to do next. Mr. Bruff thinks about his conversation with Mr. Murthwaite, and the notion of whoever pawned the diamond coming back for it after one year has elapsed. Bruff proposes they closely monitor Mr. Luker’s shop in late June, which is only a few weeks away, to see if anyone comes to claim the diamond. Franklin agrees, but he is impatient, and suggests they get Sergeant Cuff involved as well. However, Cuff has retired and moved to Ireland; Franklin leaves word for him to get in contact as soon as possible.
Franklin also tries to track down Godfrey Ablewhite, and learns that Godfrey got engaged to someone else after the end of his relationship with Rachel. This second engagement was broken as well, since Godfrey was suspiciously interested in her family’s finances. After that, Godfrey inherited some money and went abroad.
Franklin goes to Yorkshire, where he meets with Mr. Candy, the local doctor who was present at Rachel’s birthday party. Candy has suffered from ill health ever since the party, and this has affected his memory. He has something he wanted to tell Franklin, but he can’t recall what it was.
After meeting with Dr. Candy, Franklin runs into Ezra Jennings, Candy’s assistant. Franklin explains that he wishes Candy could remember more about what happened on the night of Rachel’s birthday. Jennings explains that he took care of Candy when Candy was first ill and delirious with fever in the period immediately after the birthday and the theft, and wrote down everything Candy said. However, Jennings is not sure if it would be ethical to share these notes with Franklin Blake. Jennings shares more about his own history with Franklin: He was once falsely accused of a crime, and this damaged his reputation. Most people also don’t like Jennings due to his dark and somewhat sinister appearance. Jennings is also slowly dying of a painful disease, and takes opium to cope with the pain.
Franklin Blake is touched by Jennings’s story, and confides that Rachel says she saw Franklin take the diamond. Jennings asks if Franklin has ever consumed opium, which Franklin denies. Franklin does recall that, after weeks of sleeping poorly due to quitting tobacco, he slept very soundly on the night that the diamond was stolen. Jennings thinks it sounds like someone might have given opium to Franklin, and promises to look at the notes he took during Candy’s illness.
Franklin and Jennings go to look at the manuscripts of the notes. Franklin recalls that on the night of the birthday, he and Mr. Candy disagreed about whether opium would be helpful to him. Jennings sees this as further evidence that Candy might have secretly given opium to Franklin. The two men look at Jennings’s transcripts: While they are very spotty and fragmented, Jennings has filled in some of the gaps based on inference, and they conclude that Candy was trying to confess to having secretly given opium to Franklin Blake. Candy, with help from Godfrey Ablewhite, snuck the opium into a glass of brandy, which Franklin drank unwittingly.
While this information resolves the mystery of how Franklin took the diamond without any memory of it, it doesn’t explain what happened to the diamond afterwards. Jennings proposes an experiment: They will recreate the events of the birthday as closely as possible at the Verinder house, Franklin will take opium again, and they will observe what he does. They write to Rachel to ask if they can use the Verinder house to stage the experiment.
In the initial aftermath of the theft in 1848, Franklin Blake is somewhat petulant and frustrated by Rachel’s strange and aloof behavior. It is not until the spring of 1849 that he matures sufficiently to take on a more traditional heroic role and resolves to conclusively solve the case, declaring, “[I]f time, pains, and money can do it, I will lay my hand on the thief who took the Moonstone” (302). As a wealthy gentleman of leisure, Franklin brings a different perspective to the case, and can only work as an amateur detective. He benefits from collaborations with professionals, namely Ezra Jennings, Sergeant Cuff, and even Gabriel Betteredge. Significantly, while Franklin brings the personal motivation to solve the case once and for all (i.e., reuniting with Rachel and clearing his name), it is the skillsets and knowledge of professional men who work for a living who allow him to make progress.
This section of the investigation revolves around revisiting past events to reveal a new understanding of them, deepening the theme of The Unreliability of Witnessing and Memory. Although she has been dead for more than a year, Rosanna Spearman returns to the plot as a kind of spectral presence via her letters and the elaborate plans she concocted to hide evidence on Franklin’s behalf. The dredging up of the waterproof box, which has been sunken and concealed for months, symbolizes the return of past events and memories that have been buried in the subconscious, while the stain on the nightgown, still visible, symbolizes how past crimes continue to influence the present. In 1849, Rachel and Franklin are still grappling with the consequences of the theft from 1848—and, by implication, with the fallout of Herncastle’s theft in 1799, now precisely 50 years earlier.
Traditionally, a mystery is solved once the criminal is revealed. However, in The Moonstone, the revelation that Franklin himself took the diamond only adds additional suspense to the plot and urgency to understanding the full scope of the crime. Franklin’s shocking revelation, “I had discovered Myself as the Thief” (318), is a dramatic climax for one part of the plot, and relates to a rising interest in psychology and the subconscious in the Victorian era, speaking to Public Reputation Versus Inner Nature. Increasingly, writers and thinkers were exploring notions of fragmented and suppressed selves, particularly through cases where the hidden or suppressed identity is dark and sinister, as witnessed in Gothic novels such as The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and The Picture of Dorian Gray in the later 19th century. Franklin Blake’s discovery presents a horrifying possibility that challenges empiricism and observation, questioning how truly one can even know one’s own memories.
Franklin’s culpability for the crime is quickly diminished by the explanation of opium. Opium is a substance extracted from the poppy plant, and can be consumed in several forms, including via smoking or consuming in liquid form. Laudanum refers to a mixture of opium and wine, often used as a sedative or pain reliever. Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries in England, laudanum was widely used for a variety of ailments and pain relief. Significantly, in Great Britain, opium was often associated with negative stereotypes about Asian and Middle Eastern cultures, particularly when consumed recreationally.
Like the diamond, opium is a symbol of exotic, dangerous, non-European influences invading a seemingly secure domestic space. If Franklin’s taking the diamond is seen as part of the curse on Herncastle’s descendants, opium is the perfect plot device for a mystical enactment of this curse. Exploration of drug dependency also aligned with Victorian interests in psychology and the subconscious: Collins introduces another important textual allusion when Jennings gifts Franklin Blake a copy of Thomas de Quincey’s Confessions of an English Opium Eater (1821). In this memoir, English writer de Quincey details his experiences with consuming and developing a dependency upon opium, including the hallucinations and visions he experienced under the influence of the drug.
Wilkie Collins also had a personal interest in incorporating opium as a plot device: He began to consume large amounts of laudanum as a medical treatment in the early 1860s, which resulted in a lifelong dependency. When he was writing The Moonstone in 1867 and 1868, Collins was consuming large amounts of opium, and he later reported that he did not have clear memories of writing the novel. Collins had personal experience of the uncanny reality of realizing one has taken actions without being able to recall having done so, and thus builds this unsettling possibility into his mystery plot, raising complex questions about guilt, agency, and responsibility.
Plus, gain access to 8,800+ more expert-written Study Guides.
Including features:
Appearance Versus Reality
View Collection
British Literature
View Collection
Challenging Authority
View Collection
Class
View Collection
Class
View Collection
Colonialism & Postcolonialism
View Collection
Common Reads: Freshman Year Reading
View Collection
Power
View Collection
School Book List Titles
View Collection
Trust & Doubt
View Collection
Victorian Literature
View Collection
Victorian Literature / Period
View Collection