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T. H. WhiteA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
King Pellinore, now in the company of Morgause, is lovesick for the daughter of the king of Flanders, whom he meets while pursuing the Questing Beast. He, Grummore, and Palomides board a magic barge that bears Pellinore far from his love. Morgause tries to distract Pellinore from his loss by engaging him in a quest for a unicorn. Meanwhile, Morgause’s boys visit St. Toirdealbhach, who has become their mentor and teacher. He tells them a story of a young girl whose mother is a witch. She learns magic, but her father, despairing of having a “piseog” (evil spirit) in the house, leaves them. The boys then decide to capture a unicorn to win their mother’s favor. St. Toirdealbhach tells them they need a virgin as bait, so Gawaine fetches Meg, one of their kitchen maids, and forces her to accompany them to the forest. They tie her to a tree and wait for the unicorn, determined to capture it alive. It comes and lays its head in Meg’s lap, but Agravaine kills it instead. Meg flees, and the boys decide to butcher the beast. They make a mess of the process, and in their guilt and shame, they cut the head off. They drag it back to the castle and place the bruised and mangled head in the garden to surprise their mother. When she discovers it, she has her sons whipped.
As the opposing armies prepare for battle, Arthur and his inner circle discuss his idea of assembling his knights around a Round Table. Arthur argues that his new age of chivalry will require recruiting knights while they’re young and not set in the old ways. Merlyn then prophesies that Arthur will marry Guenever, daughter of King Leodegrance. Before Arthur can question the prophesy, the conversation turns to appropriate uses of force. Merlyn responds that Jesus only made his ideas “available” without forcing them on people, unlike a certain Austrian dictator who “plunged the civilized world into misery and chaos” (266-67).
Grummore and Palomides decide to disguise themselves as the Questing Beast to distract Pellinore from his lovesickness. After much arguing and torn fabric, the costume is complete. Morgause, meanwhile, realizes she despises these English knights and turns her attention to her sons. Gareth runs through the castle—originally built by Indigenous Britons and altered over the years by the invading Saxons. He discovers his brothers arguing over their mother’s friendship with the knights. Gawaine and Agravaine fight. Gareth and Gaheris separate the two before Gawaine kills his younger brother.
Grummore and Palomides hide the costume in the cliffs and inform Pellinore that they have seen the Questing Beast. At first disinterested, he becomes more engaged after several shots of whiskey. They accompany Pellinore to the cliffs that very night and don the costume under cover of darkness. Pellinore, meanwhile, stands in the rain miserably thinking of his lost love. As Grummore and Palomides move through the dark in costume, they sense another presence nearby—the real Questing Beast making amorous advances.
The night before the battle, Merlyn assures Arthur (whose army is outnumbered) that he will be victorious. He then drops a series of cryptic hints about Guenever, Lancelot, and Excalibur, but he can’t remember the details. He tells Arthur a parable of a man who tries, unsuccessfully, to escape death. Both he and Arthur will return from death, he prophesies. In fact, Arthur’s tombstone will read: “the once and future king” (287).
Pellinore discovers Grummore and Palomides trapped in a crevice, the Questing Beast holding them captive. They ask Pellinore to kill it, but he doesn’t see that she is doing any harm. He suggests they return the beast’s affection. They refuse, so Pellinore holds the beast’s tail while the two knights run for it. They make it back to the castle and the drawbridge is pulled up, leaving Pellinore and the beast outside. From the battlements, Grummore and Palomides see the Questing Beast sitting alone. A short time later, Pellinore approaches the gate, his arm around his love, the princess of Flanders (Piggy). The magic barge returned and carried her to the Isle of Orkney and to Pellinore. The drawbridge is lowered, and Pellinore and Piggy enter the castle, the forlorn Questing Beast holding vigil outside, waiting for its mate.
The battle between Arthur and King Lot takes place in Sherwood Forest. Encouraged by nobles who have no problem sacrificing the poor for their cause, the serfs are inflamed to violence by ethnic animosity. Arthur, however, orders his knights to fight only other knights. Further, he does not abide by protocols of war; he attacks at night and doesn’t signal his attack in advance. He does not slaughter serfs purely for the sake of a body count. The surprise catches the Gael nobles off guard, and they are soon on the run. As Arthur’s cavalry drives them back, King Lot decides to wear the enemy down. Half his army will rest while the other half engages Arthur’s knights. Arthur, however, springs a trap. He drives Lot into an ambush—10,000 French soldiers hiding in the trees. Lot’s regiments are overwhelmed and have no choice but to surrender.
Weeks later, Pellinore and Pinky are engaged, and the Questing Beast still sits outside the castle, pining for her “mate.” Merlyn strolls past the castle and suggests explaining the misunderstanding to the Beast. The knights plead with Merlyn to stay, but he vanishes.
In Lot’s castle, Queen Morgause draws a “Spancel” (a long ribbon of human skin) from her coffer; she intends to cast a love spell. Her sons, meanwhile, kneel in the castle chapel, praying that they will never forget their heritage or their stake in the “Cornwall feud.”
The wedding party sets out from Lot’s castle. It includes Pellinore and Piggy as well as Toirdealbhach and Mother Morlan (a local woman in whose house he resides), who are also betrothed. They reach the walled city of Carlion, and Arthur meets them to attend the wedding, which is a grand affair held in the cathedral.
In North Humberland, Merlyn suddenly remembers a vital bit of information he forgot to tell Arthur—his mother’s name, Igraine, the countess of Cornwall, whose sexual assault by Uther Pendragon caused the Gael rebellion.
In his throne room, Arthur wakes from sleep to find Morgause—his half-sister, though he does not know it—standing before him. She casts the love spell, and nine months later, she bears him a son, Mordred. This act sets in motion the great tragedy of King Arthur.
The tone of these chapters is a mix of farce and realism. Grummore and Palomides’s absurd scheme to distract Pellinore from his loneliness—constructing a fake Questing Beast—is pure comic diversion. The absurdism reaches a new level when the Beast herself falls in love with the costumed knights. Arthurian legend, in the popular imagination, is filled with brave and virtuous knights on heroic quests, but from Pellinore’s first scene, the novel presents a comic twist on the old trope—bumbling and foolish knights. Nevertheless, Pellinore is not a wholly comedic character. Through the subplot of his relationship with the Questing Beast, the novel suggests The Importance of Cultural Myths. As strange and seemingly pointless as Pellinore’s quest is, it gives his life purpose. In much the same way, the novel suggests, legends imbue ordinary existence with meaning. The novel here touches on The Loss of Idealism as well, implying that it is important to hold to certain ideals even if the reality is less than ideal.
More straightforwardly serious in tone is Arthur’s war against the Gaelic rebellion, which puts his ideas about Might Versus Right to the test for the first time. White uses the Gael war not only to enhance Arthur’s legend as a king and warrior, but also to plead the case for the underclass of ill-equipped fighters drafted into service and always on the front lines, taking the lion’s share of the damage while the armored lords sit back and watch. Arthur’s military tactics—his order that his knights engage only with other knights—are also an attempt to secure justice for the lower classes.
Arthur’s victory would seem to vindicate his ideas, but it is undermined almost immediately by his liaison with Morgause. The magical elements of the story have, thus far, been relegated to Merlyn, a powerful but old and sometimes forgetful magician. Book 2 depicts a darker side of magic in the hands of Queen Morgause. Her malevolent plot to seduce Arthur, her half-brother, spells the beginning of Arthur’s tragic downfall. Arthur’s “sin,” however unconscious, is Oedipal in scope, and the narrator explicitly informs readers that it will have similar consequences:
[The story of Arthur] is the tragedy, the Aristotelian and comprehensive tragedy, of sin coming home to roost. That is why we have to take note of the parentage of Arthur’s son Mordred, and to remember […] that the king had slept with his own sister (312).
Uther Pendragon, whose rape of Igraine triggers a blood feud that launches nations to war, passes on that dark destiny to his son. The irony is that Arthur, despite his ideals, not only inherits his father’s feud but also commits a sexual transgression of his own, making his downfall as much the product of his own actions as it is of Pendragon’s.
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By T. H. White