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Rachel KadishA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Helen Watt is one of the two protagonists in the novel’s modern storyline. She is a British academic who works at a university in London, specializing in Jewish history. Helen is in her sixties and approaching the age for mandatory retirement. She also has Parkinson’s disease, which rapidly worsens over the months covered in the novel’s plot. Helen is very cold and reserved in her demeanor, and does not seem to have many close friends; she has never had children or—so it first appears—a romantic partner. When Helen was a young woman, she fell in love with a Jewish man in Israel, Dror, and has always been haunted by the end of that relationship.
Helen is astute and ambitious. As soon as she sees the documents found in the Richmond house, she becomes determined to understand their mysteries. As she learns more about Ester, Helen becomes more and more obsessed with understanding her story on a personal as well as professional level. Helen is driven by a belief that she can understand Ester’s motives, and that the two of them share some commonalities. She also believes that her former relationship with Dror gives her insights into the Jewish experience, even though she is not Jewish herself.
Helen’s character evolves over the course of the novel as she comes to see the value of love and interpersonal connection. Some of this evolution comes from the growing respect and affection between Helen and Aaron, and some of it comes from seeing how love and desire become central to Ester’s experiences and philosophy. Over the course of the novel, Helen also reassesses her relationship with Dror, realizing that she regrets not being brave enough to pursue a partnership with him. At the end of the novel, Helen dies, possibly to avoid the slow decline of her disease. She comes to the end of her life mostly at peace, since she has achieved her goal of understanding Ester’s story and is able to think of Dror with love rather than bitterness and regret.
Aaron Levy is the second protagonist in the novel’s modern plotline. He is a young American Jewish man who is pursuing his doctorate at the same London university where Helen works. Aaron’s dissertation research is focused on Shakespeare’s connection to the early modern Jewish community in London, but he is hired to work as Helen’s assistant. Aaron becomes fascinated by the project and equally committed to understanding Ester’s life and experiences. While Aaron and Helen have a challenging relationship at first, he gradually earns her respect because of his devotion to the research project and his more playful approach to life.
Aaron is somewhat aimless and melancholy; the research project provides him with an important anchor and sense of purpose. When he is not researching the documents, Aaron feels unmotivated about his doctoral research and questions his choice of topic. He also pines for a woman named Marisa, with whom he had a brief romantic relationship before the start of the novel’s primary plot. Aaron is conflicted about his Jewish identity; he sometimes feels protective of the documents because of their connection to Jewish history, but he also wants to see himself as someone with agency and the ability to construct his own future. Aaron can be entitled and self-indulgent: He sometimes acts in self-destructive ways and has not always treated women respectfully.
Over the course of the novel, Aaron matures due to both internal and external events. He learns from Helen and the other academics who assist with their project, particularly the two women named Patricia who work at the rare books library. Although at first he finds them cold and humorless, Aaron comes to respect their devotion, consistency, and fortitude. Learning about Ester’s life also gives Aaron a greater appreciation of the sacrifices individuals have made to pursue things that are readily available to him. Due to these experiences, Aaron becomes more patient, mature, and self-aware about his own privilege. These factors become especially important when Aaron unexpectedly learns that Marisa is pregnant with his child. He realizes that he wants to become a man who is mature enough to be a good father and live up to his responsibilities.
Ester Velasquez is the protagonist of the historical plotline. She is a Jewish woman who lives in the second half of the 1600s. Ester grows up in Amsterdam, but spends most of her life in England, first in central London and then later in Richmond. Ester is orphaned at a young age and loses her only sibling shortly thereafter. She forms a secondary family with Rabbi Mendes and lives with him for years; after the rabbi’s death, Ester eventually marries a man named Alvaro HaLevy and lives with him in Richmond until her death decades later.
Ester is extremely intelligent, and interested in intellectual pursuits. This trait becomes the defining factor of her identity and the primary motivation for many of her choices. Although few details are given about her physical appearance, it is sometimes hinted that Ester is quite striking, since her mother was famously beautiful and many people comment that Ester resembles her.
Ester is guarded, secretive, and cautious. Due to her difficult and often lonely life, she does not trust people readily, and finds it hard to open up. Even though Ester loves and admires Rabbi Mendes, she keeps secrets from him because he cannot condone her desires to learn and study. She is also hesitant to trust characters like Manuel HaLevy and Mary da Costa Mendes because she thinks they cannot understand her. In particular, Ester is cautious about love and desire because she thinks that a woman loses her agency when she falls in love. Ester’s sense that she is different from other people sometimes makes her arrogant or unable to appreciate their experiences. For example, she judges Mary for recklessly following her heart, and she sees Rivka as someone who is conventional and uninterested in ideas.
Over the course of the novel, Ester significantly changes the way that she sees the world and the compromises she is willing to make. At the same time, she remains true to her core beliefs and values. At first, Ester is very resistant to, and mistrustful of, love and desire, but she eventually falls in love with John Tilbury, and even initiates sex with him. This experience, as well as her dangerous illness, makes Ester realize that desire is at the heart of all life and experience, and she incorporates this idea into her philosophy.
Since she realizes that she wants to survive above all else, Ester also pursues the idea of marriage with Alvaro. For a long time, she rejects the idea of marriage altogether, but she eventually concedes that if she wants to be secure, she will need a husband. While Ester’s marriage is still unconventional, her decision to accept a husband shows that she transforms from someone who thinks in a rigid way into someone who is willing to compromise in order to have the life she wants.
Rabbi Mendes is an important secondary character. He serves as a mentor and surrogate father to Ester, and contributes to the rising action of the plot by giving her access to books and learning. Rabbi Mendes is an intelligent and thoughtful man who is revered for his wisdom, and also loves teaching others. He is willing to take some risks and act in unconventional ways, but he sometimes becomes concerned that he is being too reckless. For example, Rabbi Mendes allows Ester to work as his scribe for years but eventually becomes worried that he is holding her back from a more traditional life as a wife and mother. Likewise, he thinks that Spinoza has been treated too harshly by the Jewish community but he also cannot condone Spinoza’s ideas, because he thinks they challenge some of the core doctrines of Judaism.
Rabbi Mendes’s devout religious beliefs motivate him to be compassionate towards others, but also restrict how far he is willing to go in his thinking. He is also willing to bend his principles when he thinks it is important to do so: He eventually reveals that he has known all along that Ester has been writing and exploring her own ideas, and he has pretended to be oblivious so that she can explore her ideas unhindered.
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