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56 pages 1 hour read

Dionne Brand

What We All Long For

Dionne BrandFiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2005

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Chapters 7-11Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 7 Summary

Oku is sitting at a café, looking at a pile of advertisements for shows that Jackie had handed him. He is supposed to be in class, “but that was over for him” (81), as he had dropped out in January. He considers which of the shows he might be able to or willing to attend while thinking about and regretting his parting words.

That morning, he had woken up to his father Fitz’s coughing, as he usually did, and “prepared himself for the morning ritual” (81) of battling with him over the breakfast table. “For a moment” (81) he understands why Jackie called him innocent, as he’s still living at home; however, he tried to move out several years prior, then went back on his decision after his parents’ complaints. He thinks about what his life would be like if he did live on his own: “He would have had friends over day and night, he would have spent hours listening to [Thelonious] Monk and Miles [Davis] […] and, best of all, not had to hear Fitz’s voice each morning” (82).

Fitz doesn’t allow Oku to sleep in later than him, and he spends most mornings at breakfast lecturing Oku on what it means to be a real man and do real work. Oku tries not to fight with him, more for his mother Claire’s sake than his own, but often doesn’t succeed in this endeavor. On Sundays, Fitz drinks Scotch and listens to old jazz records, and for a while he is happy and even loving—until he becomes aggressive: “Of course, when the bottle of Scotch was coming to an end and the music from the records becoming sadder […] he would have to get angry and turn on Claire and Oku instead” (85).

Although Oku has dropped out of university, he has yet to work up the courage to tell Fitz, knowing that to do so would be a severe fight. Fitz hasn’t yet noticed the patterns of Oku’s behavior—“how he crawled into the house sometimes in the small hours of the morning […] after being dropped off by a Jeep full of men,” or how he would spend nights and days out with “those girls” (89)—but Claire has, and Oku hasn’t yet given her the chance to ask him about it. 

Chapter 8 Summary

Jackie is on the streetcar, thinking of the train ride she and her parents had taken when moving from Halifax to Toronto so many years ago: “She could feel her parents’ anticipation. She was a little sick from the rocking of the train, or was it from their talk about how different, how exciting life was going to be from then on?” (91). She alternates between these thoughts and Oku’s awkward parting sentence, thinking of his appearances and innocence: “She despised people who didn’t know what was going to happen to them. Those kinds of people, she thought, lied to themselves […] She had no pity for that kind of person, and what Oku had been asking for was pity” (91-92).

After moving to Toronto, Jackie and her parents had lived in Alexandra Park, an “urban warren of buildings and paths” (92). They originally intended to make some money and head back to Halifax, and they still talk as if they will one day. For Jackie, however, Halifax is only a distant memory. They’d arrived at the tail end of the popularity of the Paramount, “the best dance club in the country” (94), a club well known only by the very hip—“[b]lack people and a few, very few, hip whites” (95). Clubs like the Paramount “were the places people went to feel in their own skin, in their own life. Because when a city gets finished with you in the daytime, you don’t know if you’re coming or going” (95).

Jackie has a story “selling post-bourgeois clothing” (99) called Ab and Zu; she had secured the location when the neighborhood was still seedy and benefited from the creeping gentrification. Reiner opens the store in the mornings, and as Jackie arrives back at the store, Reiner is waiting for her so he can leave for his gig in the evening. He seems to be hurt, but she promises to spend the night on Sunday, which eases him. 

Chapter 9 Summary

Carla finds herself thinking about a news story she had seen once, about a man who jumped in front of a subway train with his 3-year-old son. She remembers wondering why he had taken the boy with him, and thinks about how, if she were to have tried to take her own life, she would have done it alone and set it up to appear as if she had just disappeared.

She remembers being at her home in St. James Town as a small girl and feeling the “odd stirring of the air on the balcony” (103), recognizing that something had happened, even if she didn’t fully understand. Her mother had asked her to hold Jamal, then stepped off the balcony to her death. Carla was only 5 years old at the time: “Over the years, despite her efforts to hold on to the memory, her mother faded and added until all Carla had left was the certainty that Angie had existed and the violent loyalty she owed her” (104). Jamal had been too young to remember their mother, so Carla took it upon herself to tell him about her.

After she died, no one claimed Carla and Jamal “except her father. And that reluctantly. Angie had been dead to her family since the day she started up with” Derek (106). Despite being able to pass for Spanish or Middle Eastern, Carla took her mother’s decision, along with everything it cost her, as a deliberate choice: “good or bad she had crossed a border” (106). As a result, she considered passing to “have been a betrayal of her mother’s choices” (106).

As Carla works through these memories, she watches her old apartment building, watching people walk in and out of the doorway, looking for familiarity in their figures: “Doesn’t a life leave traces, traces that can attach themselves to others who pass through the aura of that life? Doesn’t a place absorb the events it witnesses; shouldn’t there be […] some symbol embedded in this building always for Angie’s life here?” (111-112). As she turns away from the building, she tries to summon the energy to go see her father but is unable to do so.

Chapter 10 Summary

Tuyen’s parents both suffer from insomnia but deal with it differently. Tuyen’s father, a former engineer, would have so much residual energy from working at the restaurant that he would stay up late “drawing all the buildings in the city as if he had built them” (113). Cam, on the other hand, “played the vision over in her head, trying to regain the moment when she did not see” (113) Quy’s disappearance. They both suffered from the guilt of losing Quy, and neither could find a cure for it.

Tuyen shared similarities with her father Tuan: “Tuyen learned to draw from her father […] imitat[ing] his posture and the movement of his drawing hand […] unaware of what he was actually doing” (115). Whereas Tuan focused on the real—the buildings of the city—Tuyen purposefully drew the impossible and the fantastic, much to Tuan’s frustration. Tuyen’s mother had a different outlet. Cam spent long evenings writing letter after letter to “a network of officials, charlatans, magicians, crooks, and other distraught parents like herself in her search” (116) for Quy.

Following her visit, Tuan drives Tuyen back to her apartment; Tuyen is surprised to discover “her father slightly elated” (118), claiming that they will have some news soon without explaining what he means by it. His change in demeanor startles Tuyen: “He was usually so purposefully serious that the hint of any lightness, and it was only the merest hint, seemed extravagant” (120). Tuyen makes a mental note to get in touch with Binh.

She and Binh were close in age but far apart in sensibility; they were never particularly close. Growing up, they were responsible for “translating the city’s culture to their parents and even to their older sisters, […] responsible for transmitting the essence of life in Toronto to the household” (121). They both used that to their own advantages—Binh to skim a bit off the top of bills; Tuyen to find ways to get out of school: “The uneasy collaboration made them wary of each other and therefore mistrustful” (121), and that mistrust remains with her. 

Chapter 11 Summary

As Tuyen and Carla ascend the staircase, they smell food coming from Carla’s apartment and realize that Oku is cooking. Neither of the women cooks, but Oku, on the other hand, often comes to cook for them, making “elaborate meals from their scanty cupboards” (129). Food is a sore spot for Tuyen because of her parents’ restaurant. As a child, she used to ask why they couldn’t “eat like normal people” (129) and developed a dislike for traditional Vietnamese food. As an adult, her diet consists mostly of potatoes due to their simplicity and versatility. She also buys milk despite being lactose intolerant, and she mostly lets that go sour.

For Carla, food reminds her of her trips to Kensington Market with Nadine—who her father had a family with before meeting Angie—in order to shop for Jamaican food, which Nadine had learned to cook just for Carla’s father. Unlike the two women, Oku has “no culinary antipathy registered in childhood discomfort” (132). He loves his parents’ cooking and learned both from them and from others’ cultures, picking up more along the way.

Following the meal, the three discuss Jamal’s predicament. Oku and Tuyen express confusion as to why it is Carla’s responsibility to save her brother again. Carla tries to explain that her father isn’t willing to help, and this is “inconceivable to Oku. His own father would never let him out of his sight. He thought of this with fear and relief” (135). They eventually let it go and get drunk on a bottle of rum Oku stole from his father.

“Quy” Summary

After some time at Pulau Bidong, Quy learned some English, his “first step to humanity” (137). Quy meditates on different lives and gratitude, his experiences on the Dong Khoi—the refugee boat he accidentally boarded—and considers how his brother got his parents at the height of their guilt. Despite this, he doesn’t feel bad because he sees all the years Binh was fattened instead of him:. “Self-interest is what moves the world. People bunch together because they’re scared. I’m a loner. Don’t expect me to tell you about the innocence of youth, that would be another story, not mine” (139). 

Chapters 7-11 Analysis

All four friends have tense relationships with their families; however, it would be more accurate to say that the constant is the tense relationships they have with their fathers (with the exception of Jackie, who seems not to be close with either of her parents). It is the patriarch Tuan, for example, who gives Tuyen the most difficulty about moving out and who had the most clearly defined hopes for her education. In another dynamic, Claire covers for Oku while sharing in his victimization at the hands of Fritz. Carla is more complicated, as she was very young when her mother died, but her animosity is clearly reserved more for her father Derek than for his wife Nadine, even if she does not feel close to Nadine, either.

The role of language features heavily through these chapters, an important theme throughout the book as a barrier between the parents and the children. Tuyen and Binh use their native understanding of English both to serve and undermine their parents. For example, Binh reads the bills and notices for them, but inflates them in order to skim some off the top—while Quy sarcastically describes himself as becoming human only after learning some English, and criticizes (the memory of) his father for having “hung around the assholes of enough Americans to know the value of English” (137). Both Tuyen and Carla rejected their parents’ language, Tuyen refusing to learn Vietnamese and Carla learning only enough Jamaican to be able to translate and understand as needed. In previous chapters, Carla expresses frustration for the street language picked up by Jamal, which feels incomprehensible to her. Oku’s differences are semantic—his father struggles to understand his replies—but Oku is enrolled in graduate school studying English literature, offering him a site both to accept the language through its poetry, etc., but also to reject it, as he struggles to engage with the largely canonical works he is forced to study. Further, language—more specifically, a linguistic register—is what separates Oku and Jackie at the streetcar, and Jackie’s frustrations with Oku continue to go back to her offense at his use of a register that didn’t belong to him.

Food as culture is also reinforced here, yet to a lesser degree. Tuyen and Carla are again alike in this regard, having rejected the foods of their parents to extreme degrees. Tuyen dislikes Vietnamese food and hid the fact that her parents own a restaurant for years, while at the time that Oku cooks for them in Chapter 11, Carla realizes she “hadn’t eaten since the day before” (131). Oku goes in the other direction—his culinary prowess is a result of his love of his parents’ cooking, but the way he blends other cultural elements (such as his Indian manner of cooking rice, learned from a member of the graffiti crew) represents the way he, and the others, blend a milieu of cultures into their own. Lastly, of course, the absence of food is a kind of culture: for Quy, food was currency, not what one purchased with currency, and he was not afforded the luxury of rejecting his parents’ food, or any food at all, a point driven home when he considers specifically that he doesn’t pity his brother because of “the years he’s been fattened instead of” Quy (139). 

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