62 pages • 2 hours read
David BaldacciA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
The residents of Drake, West Virginia, have to make a difficult choice between their own health and the need for work. The mail carrier Howard Reed suffers lung, kidney, and liver damage from a lifetime of breathing coal dust and exposure to other pollutants in the air and water, yet he feels he can’t call attention to those issues without angering his neighbors who depend on the mine for jobs. Later, Cole shows Puller some of the ruined landscape—valleys filled with everything stripped off the mountain’s surface, rivers blocked and diverted, flash flooding. She tells him about cancer clusters, lung damage, and other chronic sickness among the town’s residents.
Cole also mentions more than once to Puller that jobs are an issue. People living in the midst of environmental damage and degradation have to make a pragmatic choice between food and shelter now versus health problems and possible shortened lifespan in the future. In that circumstance, immediate survival almost always wins.
At the same time, the economy is eroding along with the environment. The residents of Drake are losing even the one benefit that mining provides to the community. Surface mining creates fewer jobs than older methods, and a growing segment of the population is losing homes and livelihoods and being forced to live in abandoned housing. If residents own homes, the environmental degradation and lack of employment opportunities mean they can’t sell those homes, so they may even lack the resources to leave and settle elsewhere.
People are also held by familiarity, by attachment to the place they think of as home. West Virginia was once a beautiful state, and people may be attached to that memory even as surface mining turns it into a wasteland. Cole mentions more than once that Drake is her home and its people are her people. Walking away is not an option for her.
The poorest in the town suffer the most from the environmental damage. Robert Trent, the owner of Trent Exploration, and Bill Strauss, the chief operating officer, profit by the environmental collapse and lose nothing. They retain their beautiful homes, and they have no attachments to people in the town, not even their own families. The author emphasizes that mining is not going to go away as long as it remains profitable, so the only choice available to the residents of Drake is to stay and watch their hometown being destroyed around them, or to abandon the friends, lives, and jobs they know and love.
Jean Trent offers a third alternative. Her B&B resort attracts tourists, creates jobs, and capitalizes on what remains of the natural beauty of the region rather than destroying it. She illustrates the idea that people don’t have to sacrifice the health and the beauty of their world in exchange for a dwindling supply of jobs.
Both Puller and Cole are motivated by duty. Puller lives by rules: Men don’t cry; Puller men are always in control; follow your orders and accept the limitations imposed by authorities. For the most part, he thrives within those boundaries—he is successful at his job and content with his role as a soldier serving others rather than giving the orders himself.
Cole is more inner-directed. Her one superior—the Drake County sheriff—is detached from his role and leaves the investigation to Cole without interference. Without the rigidity imposed on her from above, her sense of duty arises from a motive of love—she loves the land and the people she grew up with, and her passion is to guard and protect them. Cole’s dedication prompts her to stay with Puller as he disarms the bomb, resulting in her death; if she had left when Puller told her to go, she could have been out of range of the falling debris that killed her.
Puller’s sense of duty evolves to be informed not just by rules and orders but by love for real people. He violates his orders and warns Cole of the bomb threat because he feels she is entitled to know, and he tells her that if she decides to warn the town, he not only won’t stop her but will help her because it would be the right thing to do. He leaves the final decision to Cole, judging that she has the moral authority to make the choice. He is finding a balance between his orders and his internal values.
Puller is aware of male hostility toward women in the military and the civilian police force. When he first sees Cole interacting with her subordinates, he reflects that women in the Armed Forces still encounter hostility, disrespect, and insubordination, and it appears that the pattern extends to police. Cole’s subordinates follow orders, but they do so with an attitude of resentment. While Puller recognizes the behavior, he doesn’t interfere or attempt to rescue her. He shows her the respect of letting her deal with it, which she does effectively enough. She makes her subordinates respect her and lets the resentment roll over her. Any attempt by Puller to interfere would undermine her authority.
Baldacci also shows examples of women who benefit from support from men when it’s done appropriately. Lieutenant Strickland describes Colonel Reynolds as her mentor and friend. Men in positions of power can provide support to women by assuming mentoring roles as they often do with younger men, sharing experience and advice, but not undermining the woman’s authority by interfering directly with her subordinates.
All of the female characters in positions of authority are presented as being competent and effective, with the same strengths and making the same mistakes as men. Puller expects neither more nor less of women. For example, he gives General Carson a second chance because he believes in second chances, not because she is a woman. He shows the same forbearance for Dickie Strauss and would do so for anyone else.
Some of the difficulty for women in military and para-military organizations stems from the belief that physically, women are at a significant disadvantage in combat. If that is true in combat, such physical features are irrelevant in command positions, but for some men coming from fields where strength and aggression are valued, females may still seem like interlopers even in roles where their physical disadvantages don’t matter. In Cole’s job, for example, weapons, technology, and the availability of rapid backup compensate for physical disadvantages. The women in Zero Day are depicted as extremely competent at their jobs. They still sometimes encounter resistance from men under their command, but men like Puller and Colonel Reynolds are able to respect them for the assets they have and not denigrate them for the characteristics they lack.
Western culture codifies appropriately “masculine” behavior into a set of gender stereotypes. Men are expected to be aggressive, driven, stoic, courageous, and competitive. None of those qualities in itself is negative, and in the best sense, they are all beneficial to society. When taken to the furthest extreme, however, the stereotypes become destructive both to society and to the men who internalize them. Aggression becomes violence. Drive becomes obsession. Competitiveness becomes envy. Stoicism becomes emotional stuntedness. Courage becomes recklessness. These extreme stereotypes are what is sometimes referred to as “toxic masculinity”—a distortion of notions of the qualities that make men valuable to society.
Puller and his father illustrate opposite expressions of “masculinity.” Puller Sr. is angry, petty, and envious. While he succeeded in pressuring his sons, especially Puller, to embody aggression, drive, and courage, he was too emotionally stunted to have close relationships with them, leaving him alone and afraid at the end of his life. For the most part, Puller embodies much more positive qualities. He is courageous, aggressive, driven, and competitive in ways that make him beneficial to society and other people. He acts as a protector, not a tyrant like his father. While discipline and self-control serve Puller well in tempering his strengths, however, his stoicism limits his ability to connect with other people.
Puller was taught by his emotionally stunted father that Puller men don’t cry, and they are controlled at all times. Puller internalized those rules so well that he has never cried over a fallen comrade or his brother’s conviction, not over the gradual loss of his father or the fact that he was raised by a cold, controlling parent who, off the battlefield, blamed others, including his sons, for his failings and disappointments. Early in the story, Puller reflects that his emotional control makes him feel like a machine. He is in danger of becoming as lonely and isolated as his father.
Unlike his father, Puller has compassion for other people’s vulnerability and doesn’t hold them to the same set of constraints as himself. When Cole lets a tear slip for her murdered officer, Puller acknowledges the validity of grief, but he can’t express it himself. It is Cole, a woman, who teaches Puller what his father couldn’t—how to integrate strength with emotional vulnerability. Once he has finally shaken off the limiting stereotype that feelings represent weakness, he recognizes himself as a better and stronger man than before.
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By David Baldacci